From the Research of Cholinesterase Reactivators to the Effective Therapy of Organophosphate/nerve Agent Poisoning
نویسندگان
چکیده
Nerve agents belong to the most toxic organophosphates (OP) in the group of cholinesterase inhibitors. They can be used as chemical warfare agents and, they can be (and were) misused by terrorists, as happened in Matsumoto city (1994) and Tokyo subway (1995). Sarin was used in these cases. Medical protection against their effect (i.e. antidotal treatment) is of prime importance (Bajgar 2004, 2012; Marrs et al. 1996). Moreover, poisoning with OP is commonly reported internationally (Eyer 2003). Therefore, the development of more effective antidotes against intoxication with nerve agents/OP is still necessary.
منابع مشابه
Efficacious Oxime for Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Minireview
Oximes are well known as acetylcholinesterase reactivators and are used in organophosphorus poisoning to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Therapeutically available oximes, namely, pralidoxime (2-PAM), obidoxime, trimedoxime and Hagedorn oxime (HI-6), have no broad-spectrum activity against structurally different kinds of organophosphorus anticholinesterases. The widely used oxime, 2-P...
متن کاملTreatment and Prophylaxis of Nerve Agent/ Organophosphates Intoxication
Basic mechanism of action of organophosphates (OP)/nerve agents is based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and subsequent accumulation of neuromediator acetylcholine at the cholinergic synapses, either peripheral or central, causing cholinergic hyperstimulation and development of symptoms of poisoning, followed by metabolic dysbalance and, without eff ective prophylaxis/treatment leadin...
متن کاملEffectiveness of High Dose Pralidoxime for Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning
Background: For effective treatment of organophosphate (OP) poisoning, development of a standardized protocol with flexible dose regimen for atropine and pralidoxime is an essential step. In this study, we aimed to assess the protocol devised in our setting; Bach Mai Hospital Poison Treatment Center, for treatment of OP poisoning that included a higher dose regimen of pralidoxime (2PAM). Method...
متن کاملRecent Advances in the Treatment of Organophosphorous Poisonings
Organophosphorous compounds have been employed as pesticides and chemical warfare nerve agents. Toxicity of organophosphorous compounds is a result of excessive cholinergic stimulation through inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase. Clinical manifestations include cholinergic syndromes, central nervous system and cardiovascular disorders. Organophosphorous pesticide poisonings are common in develo...
متن کاملCholinesterase reactivation in vivo with a novel bis-oxime optimized by computer-aided design.
Recently, several bis-pyridiniumaldoximes linked by a variable-length alkylene chain were rationally designed in our laboratories as cholinesterase reactivators. Extensive in vitro tests of these oximes with acetylcholinesterase inhibited by two different organophosphate agents, echothiophate and diisopropylfluorophosphate, revealed one compound with particularly good reactivation kinetics and ...
متن کامل